• Cotton leafworm

  Life cycle and appearance of Cotton leafworm Each adult female of the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) can lay up to 3,000 eggs. Each egg is roughly [...] Islands, the Middle East and parts of Mediterranean Europe including the Balearic Islands, Madeira and the Azores. Damage symptoms Most of the damage is caused [...] about 0.6 mm long and whitish yellow. They are laid in clusters of 20 to 500 pieces on lower leaf surfaces, often on the lower parts of the plant. The female

• Plant Health

  adaptation and promote root and shoot growth, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis efficiency. Humic and fulvic acids: enhancing plant development Humic and fulvic [...] fulvic acids, vital components of humus, improve seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass development of roots and shoots. They also exhibit suppressive [...] drawbacks of chemical pesticides. Beneficial arthropods and insect pathogenic microbes offer sustainable solutions, ensuring long-term effectiveness and compliance

• Aphids

  to the growth of a black sooty mold. Aphids life cycle Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults of the same species [...] adult aphids are known as apterous, and winged adults as alate. Alate aphids have two pairs of wings, one of which is much larger than the other. For a large [...] becoming adult, with the conspicuous white cuticles, shed during each of these moults, betraying their presence in the crop. There are two types of aphid species:

• Fusarium spp.

  is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak [...] leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels [...] infection decreases the baking quality of wheat and brewing qualities of barley. Furthermore, mycotoxins are produced, of which DON (deoxynivalenol) is the

• Tomato looper

  marks on the forewing that sometimes overlap each other. The hindwings are brown. The body is brown and hairy and, when at rest, the hairy dorsal plume is [...] distinct. The antennae are long and thin. The eggs are white to pale green, shiny, dome-shaped with 28 to 32 vertical ribs. They are deposited singly or in [...] lateral yellow lines. There are three pairs of prolegs, instead of the normal five and therefore the caterpillar moves with the same looping motion as an

• Rhizoctonia solani

  they vary in size and colour and are therefore not a good feature to determine the cause of the disease. Life cycle and appearance of Thanatephorus cucumeris [...] plant parts in contact with the soil and from there can grow upward. Lesions are brown and rot on fruits is brown, water-soaked and sunken. Late infection [...] after the formation of an infection cushion. Dispersal is by rain, water, machinery and tools and in soil particles and via movement of plant parts. The fungus

• FAQ Chrysopa-E

  this product with other Koppert products? Yes, we have some experience with mixing the product with Swirski-Mite, Spical and Spidex Vital. Are the larvae [...] Most suitable crops are crops in which the eggs do not easily roll off, e.g. Chrysanthemum with upright leaves, and crops that are cultivated in the ground [...] After how many days will the eggs hatch? After receiving the product it will take 2-4 days. What is the hatching rate of the eggs/what percentage of the

• California red scale

  period of six to eight weeks, at a rate of one to three a day. The crawlers are mobile and very small, so they are spread easily by the wind and birds, [...] infected and appear completely covered with shields, especially in the case of young citrus. Young trees can suffer greatly and die if the branches are lost [...] hed from each other by their shape and subsequent development. The females moult into the grey stage, named after the colour of the edges of their shield

• Bugs

  diverse group of insects, containing both harmful and beneficial species. Heteropteran bugs are insects which have flattened bodies and fold their wings [...] an bugs are hemimetabolous insects. Their life cycle consists of an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially [...] Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation

• Maize

  world. When it comes to numbers and volumes; there is more maize produced every year (in terms of weight) than of any other grain. [...] corn and flour corn. Already about 10,000 years ago, maize was domesticated by the indigenous communities in Mexico and it still plays a main role in the [...] the preparation of Mexican food dishes. The leafy stalk of the maize plant produces separate pollen and ovuliferous inflorescences, also specified as ears