• Spider mites and other mites

  necrosis. Life cycle of mites The life cycle of mites typically consists of four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The duration of their life cycle can [...] Biological control of spider mites and other mites uses a range of natural enemies that target different developmental stages of the pest: Predatory mites [...] underside of leaves can make them difficult to spot. Spider mite damage Some common signs of spider mite damage include yellowing or browning of leaves,

• Mealybugs and scales

  gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically [...] the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign of the presence of this type of pest. Among ornamental crops, ferns are particularly sensitive [...] yield. Effective control of mealybugs and scales is essential to maintain healthy and marketable crops. Biological control of mealybugs and scales relies

• Box tree moth

  include webbing of the branches with frass and residues of moulting such as black head capsules of different sizes. Life cycle and appearance of Box tree moth [...] symptoms The larvae of the box tree moth ( Cydalima perspectalis ) feed on the leaves of box trees, but can also attack the bark of the trees, causing them [...] lines at the beginning of pupation and then turn light brown with a dark pattern towards the end of pupation. There are two variants of adults. The most common

• Sycamore lace bug

  different points. These spines are of two main types and quite prominent. All stages live on the underside of leaves of sycamore where the nymphs and adults [...] native of North America where it occurs throughout the eastern United States and eastern Canada. In Europe, it is a highly invasive pest insect of plane [...] vehicles along major transport routes. The occurrence of plane trees will limit the distribution of sycamore lace bug, but as these trees are widely planted

• Leaf miners

  is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older [...] Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants, creating ‘mines’. There are many species of leaf miner affecting various [...] tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can be lost

• American vine leafhopper

  white and also have the pair of spots at the tip of the abdomen. There is one generation per year. The eggs are laid on the bark of grapes where they overwinter [...] General The vine leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus , is a pest of grapevine. It is of North American origin and has been introduced in Europe, where it is [...] harmful to grapevine but it is an important vector of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’, the causal agent of Flavescence dorée, which is a Grapevine Yellows

• Lyprauta

  appearance of Lyprauta The adults of the three species can be distinguished by the wing pattern of adults. Adults of P. trinidadensis have a variation of dar [...] damaged area, the roots produce large numbers of new branches. This ultimately results in a reduced number of flower stems and a longer vegetative stage. [...] their wings. Adults of L. cambria have a large dark-coloured mark on the apical wing parts as well as two smaller marks. Adults of L. chacoensis have only

• Red-belted clearwing

  Damage symptoms of Red-belted clearwing The bark covering infested parts peels of readily and the infestation encourages invasion of fungal pathogens [...] in warm, sunny weather. The eggs are laid in crevices of the trunk of host trees or at the base of main branches, often close to wounds. The larvae emerging [...] amongst decayed wood and masses of frass. After 2-4 weeks, the pupae comes out of the cocoon and wiggles to the surface of the bark, where the remains can

• Red palm weevil

  Due to the specific morphology of the palms, direct or indirect destruction of the apical bud will lead to the death of the plant, which makes the red [...] difficult to recognize the first signs of red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ) presence and only later stages of attack are conspicuous. However, the [...] base of living fronds. Larvae are present and feed in the softest and most humid living tissues (growth areas) with a low to moderate proportion of fibres

• Corn rootworm

  hatching start in the middle of May and continues until the begin of July, with the presence of larvae peaking around the middle of June. The whitish-coloured [...] feeding on the silk of the female flowers, can cause flower abortion and, in the case of heavy infestations, significantly reduce the number of seeds. During [...] between the end of June and the middle of July. The adults may mate several times during their lifetime, and females lay an average of 400 eggs each. They