• Onion thrips

  leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into [...] um, gerbera, carnations, bulbs and many others. Life cycle and appearance of Onion thrips Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) develops in six stages: egg, two

• Spotted Wing Drosophila

  cycle and appearance of Spotted wing drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller [...] tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii [...] General Since the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South

• Rosy apple aphid

  premature leaf fall and death of shoots. Fruits from infested trusses are small and malformed and ripen prematurely. Feeding of aphids directly on fruits causes [...] skin. Life cycle and appearance of Rosy apple aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults, and a great variety in [...] viviparous (wingless) females of the rosy apple aphid are 2.1-2.6 mm long and pink to dark bluish grey, with a powdering of white wax. The siphunculi are

• Smaller green leafhopper

  or vine leafhopper, Empoasca vitis , is mainly a pest of grapevine but can also attack a variety of other fruit crops like for instance apple, cherry, plum [...] white grape varieties, the feeding of the leafhoppers initially causes light green and later yellow discolorations of the areas between the leaf veins, [...] instead of yellow. Often damaged leaves are brown and dry at the margins, red further inwards and green in the centre. Life cycle and appearance of Smaller

• Crane flies

  General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] causes brown spots in grasslands, turf and cereal fields. Exit holes of the burrows of the larvae might also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds [...] appearance of Crane flies Adult crane flies are large flies with females reaching 45-50 mm across. They have long, spindly legs and one pair of narrow, clear

• Cabbage looper

  Life cycle and appearance of Trichoplusia ni Adults can deposit up to 300 eggs on the underside margins of the upper leaves of plants. The eggs have a spherical [...] sesame and cotton. One of the reasons why this plague can be serious is that the moth is able to disperse widely, reaching distances of up to 200 km. Damage [...] green with a white band on both sides of the body. Pupation takes place in webbed cocoons often on the underside of the host plants. The pupae have a green

• Tobacco aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] they are also capable of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the [...] viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Tobacco aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour

• Western flower thrips

  leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are [...] In the adults both pairs of wings are fully developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking

• Tomato moth

  second generation of larvae often causes greater loss of fruit than the first. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato moth The forewings of adult tomato moths [...] grey-brown. The females of the tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) deposit their spherical eggs on the underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged [...] inflict damage on outdoor crops. It is a polyphagous species feeding on plants of 14 families including crop species such a tomato, sweet pepper, lettuce, brassicas

• Olive fly

  (maggots) of the olive fruit fly feed inside the fruit, destroying the pulp and allowing the entry of secondary bacteria and fungi that lead to rotting of the [...] condition for larval growth. Sexual maturation of females is delayed by high temperatures in summer. Larvae of the spring and summer generations mainly pupate [...] produce another 1-2 generations. Contrary to the spring generations, most of the larvae of the autumn generations drop to the ground to pupate and to overwinter