• Beetles

  Biological control of beetles Beetles can cause serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced growth and yield loss. Effective beetle con

• Cannabis aphid

  General Although it was first described in 1860, the cannabis aphid ( Phorodon cannabis ; a.k.a. bhang aphid or hemp aphid) is a very new pest to North America. It was first seen on cuttings originati

• Rice root aphid

  General The rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale) is a well-known pest in North America that survives outdoors all year round. It can affect plants grown in both soil and hydroponic systems.

• Buckthorn-potato aphid

  General The buckthorn- potato aphid , Aphis nasturtii , has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is a major pest of potatoes, where it also transmits viruses. It also attacks a large number of other

• Small bramble aphid

  General The small bramble aphid or permanent blackberry aphid, Aphis ruborum , is widely distributed throughout Europe into North Africa and Central Asia. It is a pest of blackberry and is also found

• Large blackberry aphid

  General The large blackberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi , is very similar to the large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei . As both aphid species are host specific the host plant is the simplest method

• Mealybugs and scales

  Biological control of mealybugs and scales Mealybugs and scale insects are persistent pests that feed on plant sap, weakening crops and producing honeydew that leads to sooty mould. Infestations reduc

• Leaf miners

  Biological control of leaf miners Leaf miners are damaging pests that tunnel through leaves, reducing photosynthesis and weakening plant growth. Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower

• Caterpillars

  Biological control of caterpillars Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosyn

• Spider mites and other mites

  Biological control of spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced pho