• Grey mould

  common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers. On flowers, usually small round specks occur first, called [...] These may or may not grow into larger grey-brown lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible [...] strawberry, grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) affects the fruit. In potted plants, the cuttings die due to carry-over infection from infected

• Apple scab

  overwinters in the form of unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in [...] which at first presents itself as lesions on blossoms, leaves, petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When [...] whereas the lesions caused by conidia extend faster and may merge. Infected fruits and leaves may fall off prematurely. The plants’ defence mechanism is to

• European red mite

  eggs are about 0.15 mm in diameter, dark red, and oval with small ridges running top to bottom, with a thin stalk on top. They look a bit like an onion. Adult [...] name implies, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi , is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale [...] Adult females are about 0.4 mm long, brick red, and oval shaped with white hairs on their back and white spots (tubercles) at the base of the hairs; males

• Red plum maggot

  in the fruit quickly become brownish and the flesh in the area near the stone is eaten and converted into a mass of wet brown frass. Attacked fruit ripen [...] 11-15 mm. The forewings are dull purplish grey, with darker, obscure markings, and irregularly suffused with ash-grey; the hindwings are brownish grey. Eggs [...] later becoming yellowish. The larvae are up to 12 mm long, bright pinkish red with a dark brown to black head; young larvae are whitish and translucent. The

• Tomato moth

  frass deposited on fruit can reduce their marketability. In fruiting vegetables, large holes can be formed in both green and ripening fruit. The second generation [...] of fruit than the first. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato moth The forewings of adult tomato moths (Lacanobia oleracea) are a reddish-brown with a feint [...] most noctuid moths, the hindwing is greyish and lighter than the forewing, with a darker shadow at the margin. The antennae are long and thin. Head and thorax

• Mealybugs and scales

  females are wingless and immobile, and covered with a hard scale (armoured scales and soft scales) or with waxy threads (mealybugs). They suck the sap of [...] producing honeydew that leads to sooty mould. Infestations reduce plant vigor, fruit quality and overall yield. Effective control of mealybugs and scales is essential [...] adults. Pheromone traps support early detection and population monitoring. With Koppert’s biological solutions for mealybugs and scales, professional growers

• Rosy apple aphid

  and death of shoots. Fruits from infested trusses are small and malformed and ripen prematurely. Feeding of aphids directly on fruits causes reddish blotches [...] life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults, and a great variety in colour. They moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult [...] and South America, and Asia and can cause severe damage to both shoots and fruits. Damage symptoms Infested apple leaves are severely curled downwards and

• Peach twig borer

  orchards. Infested fruits develop large necrotic areas and become distorted. Attacked apricots exude large quantities of gum. Attacks on fruits can cause significant [...] Peach twig borer The moths have a wingspan of 12-16 mm, with dark brown to greyish black forewings with irregular black markings, and light brownish grey hindwings [...] about 0.3 x 0.5 mm in size and orange yellow. The larvae are up to 16 mm long with a dark brown to reddish brown body, paler between the segments. The head

• Pear

  cultivated for its fruit. The tree grows small, white flowers (about 2.5 cm or 1 inch in diameter) and produces a pyriform, fleshy fruit. Pear trees can grow [...] belongs to the family of Rosaceae and sub family of Pomoideae , together with the apple and quince. The genus Pyrus consists of around 22 species, which [...] grow as tall as 9 metres and are able to produce fruit for around 20 years.

• Downy mildew of rose

  petioles due to systemic infection. Early fruit infection may cause early reddening, after which the fruits die and shrivel. Later infections cause the [...] mildew pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which [...] germination. Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The