• Fly pollination

  diversity and reproductive success of various plant species. Why are flies good pollinators? Lucilia sericata flies are effective pollinators and are used in [...] method of plant reproduction facilitated by various species of flies . Unlike bees, which are equipped with specialized structures for collecting and transporting [...] a wide range of seed crops. These flies are often applied in tents or other small isolation units with a few plants or when the amount of produced pollen

• Choosing parasitic wasps for different pests

  wasps with other biological control tools as predators and bioinsecticides and with cultural practices, such as crop rotation and companion planting, for [...] sticky traps and regular scouting to assess effectiveness and adjust release rates if necessary. Integrate with other IPM strategies: Combine parasitic wasps [...] Parasitic wasps are an effective and environmentally friendly tool for controlling pests in a variety of agricultural settings. However, selecting the

• Corn earworm

  well as on the corn of immature cobs and ears. Adults of corn earworm are nocturnal, since they react to light radiation at night and are attracted to light [...] small quantities of eggs, between one and three, in the hairs of green ears of corn. The larvae feed on the hairs of the young corn and on the young kernels [...] Life cycle and appearance of the corn earworm The eggs of corn earworm are a milky-white colour, which turn dark grey before hatching, and have a ribbed

• Tobacco budworm

  the fruit, and the growth areas; they have a spherical shape with a flat base and develop a whitish-yellow and grey colour as they age and hatch after [...] during the first stages, and a greenish colour with side and back stripes and a brown head during the later instars. There are instances where the colour [...] cotton, tobacco, soya, and others; however, it can also attack cucurbits, peppers, and tomatoes, especially when its favoured crops are in abundance. It is

• Thrips

  ‘fringed wings’, and refers to the eyelash-like fringe of hairs along both edges of the thin wings. There are more than 6,000 known species. Most are harmless [...] harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species can cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest [...] leaves are often damaged and become misshapen. Thrips are also responsible for the transmission of viruses, the best known of which is tomato spotted wilt

• Capyphor

  Capyphor can be used for biological control of larvae of weevils and other beetles in a wide range of crops. Pests Beetles ( Coleoptera ): Weevils ( C [...] tank mixing with compatible products) Maintain agitation of mixture in the tank (e.g. with a recirculation pump) Fill the spray tank with the required [...] box and keep them at room temperature for 30 minutes Empty the contents of the sachets into a bucket containing at least six litres (1.5 gallons) of water

• Cyclamen mite

  The males are smaller than the females and their hind legs are modified and used to transport pharate females. Eggs of the cyclamen mite are about half [...] size of the adult mite. They are oval in form, smooth, transparent and twice as long as they are wide. Both ends are equally rounded. The larvae are opaque [...] growth is arrested and the flower buds are so badly affected that they shrivel and die. Damaged strawberry leaves are wrinkled and irregularly folded. Affected

• Whitefly

  Parasitic wasps are key in reducing whitefly populations by parasitizing larvae and host feeding. Predatory mites and bugs feed on eggs and larvae of whiteflies [...] species are the greenhouse whitefly , Trialeurodes vaporariorum , and the tobacco whitefly , Bemisia tabaci . Both are widespread, polyphagous and are broadly [...] larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted

• Smaller green leafhopper

  areas are red instead of yellow. Often damaged leaves are brown and dry at the margins, red further inwards and green in the centre. Life cycle and appearance [...] appearance of Smaller green leafhopper Adult smaller green leafhoppers are 3-4 mm long, narrow and light green with purplish eyes. Their wings are longer than [...] the tissue of leaf veins and stalks. Therefore the eggs cannot be seen. There are five nymphal instars. The first instar nymphs are small and white, later

• Precautionary measures for product allergies

  caused by the type of products mentioned above. Which products are of concern? This concerns the predatory mites , feeder mites, and supplementary feeding [...] combination of factors The level of sensitivity differs per person. Allergy problems can occur within just a few weeks of the first moment of contact, or [...] horticulture: demonstration of immediate-type allergic reactivity to freesia and paprika plants. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 75(1), 44-47