• Tomato moth

  second generation of larvae often causes greater loss of fruit than the first. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato moth The forewings of adult tomato moths [...] grey-brown. The females of the tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) deposit their spherical eggs on the underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged [...] inflict damage on outdoor crops. It is a polyphagous species feeding on plants of 14 families including crop species such a tomato, sweet pepper, lettuce, brassicas

• Cannabis aphid

  states and parts of Canada. The cannabis aphid closely resembles the hop aphid ( Phorodon humuli ), to the point that microscopic analysis of the head is required [...] common in North American hops production; there have been unconfirmed reports of Phorodon humuli developing on cannabis plants, as well. Damage symptoms The [...] sap sucker, like all aphids , and affected plants are damaged by the loss of this vital fluid. The following damage symptoms may be observed when plants

• Macadamia nut borer

  large fruit, part of the kernel may remain. A larva can consume several small nuts by moving from one fruit to another. This type of damage is small, and [...] and trees are able to compensate for damage because of the large volume of flowers and small nuts produced by macadamia trees early in the season. Fruit [...] penetrated, larvae then feed on the inside of the husk. Damaged nuts are shed by the tree. Appearance and life cycle of Macadamia nut borer The eggs are laid

• Bugs

  insects. Their life cycle consists of an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and [...] obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic substances that they inject [...] Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation

• False spider mites

  are usually found on the underside of leaves where they cause a brown, scabby discolouration spreading from both sides of the main vein into the leaf blade [...] General Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae have a worldwide distribution and can be found on many cultivated plants. Several species have been reported [...] reported, especially by growers of greenhouse ornamentals . Tenuipalpidae are known as false spider mites because they closely resemble spider mites (family T

• Tomato fruit borer

  when the fertilized females lay their eggs around the bases of the fruits, just below the calyx of the flower. When the eggs hatch, the larvae immediately [...] out of the fruit, leaving another scar that allows pathogenic microorganisms to enter the fruit. In Brazil, the tomato fruit borer causes losses of around [...] around 45% of the national production, and this figure can be as high as 100% in some regions. Appearance and life cycle of the Tomato fruit borer. The eggs

• Oleander scale

  symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects [...] shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white or yellowy

• Rose aphid

  abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and [...] develop. Life cycle and appearance of Rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult

• Potato aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] specifically characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly visible in the nymphs. Immatures have a light dusting of whitish-grey wax. The aphids

• Flies

  directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae ( sciarid flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted