• Pea moth

  nigricana ), is a common pest of peas in Europe. Damage symptoms Infested pods are difficult to identify as the small entrance holes of the larvae are difficult [...] the infestation exceeds 0.5%. Life cycle and appearance of Pea moth The adults have a wingspan of 12-16 mm and olive brown forewings with black and white [...] turn yellow with dark dots at the base of the hairs and a brown head. The adults lay eggs on flowers or leaves of pea in June and July. Eggs hatch after

• Citrus thrips

  that are responsible for most of the feeding damage, this stage can last 4-6 days. The larva will move towards the shady area of the tree to pupate, if a suitable [...] 2016/2031/EC and EU Regulation 2019/829/EC. Any grower who suspects the presence of this species is legally required to report it to the local competent authority [...] most often in narrow crevices created by folds in leaves or under the calyx of a fruit due to their thigmotactic behaviour. Damage around the calyx appears

• Macrolophus pygmaeus

  Consumption of plant sap, however, can cause damage to crops such as certain varieties of tomato, and gerbera. Conditions that promote the onset of such problems [...] problems include a shortage of prey, a high population of bugs (more than 100-150 per plant), and a weak crop. More delicate types of tomato are more susceptible [...] conditions for use of Macrolophus pygmaeus Optimal temperatures for Mirical are above 20°C/68°F, lower temperatures slow down the development of Macrolophus pygmaeus

• Summer fruit tortrix

  to leaves is usually not important but loss of buds in spring can be significant. Life cycle and appearance of Summer fruit tortrix The summer fruit tortrix [...] masses of up to 150 individual eggs primarily on leaves. First instar larvae hatch in 8-20 days and feed beneath a silk web on the underside of a leaf [...] larvae of the last generation hibernate until spring and complete development by feeding on buds and young leaves. The adult females have a wingspan of 18-22

• Tomato russet mite

  on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend. Life cycle and appearance of tomato russet mite All life stages of the tomato russet [...] members of the plant family Solanaceae may be affected to a lesser extent. Damage symptoms Damage is caused by the mites sucking out the contents of plant [...] parts: the head with the mouthparts, and the rest of the body. All mobile stages have only two pairs of legs, whereas other mite groups have four pairs.

• Tobacco budworm

  ornamental crops such as geraniums, birds of paradise, chrysanthemums, gardenias, petunias, and others. Although the use of sex pheromones is helpful for attracting [...] is very similar to Helicoverpa zea in terms of its habits, with differences found between the patterns of colour on the adults. The larger larvae share [...] absence of reproductive tissue, the larvae easily feed on leaf material. When the caterpillars move towards and penetrate the fruit, the risk of disease

• Cotton aphid

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to

• Rice root aphid

  or all of the following symptoms: Wilting; leaves become discoloured and yellow. “Honeydew” deposited on the plant by aphids promotes the growth of mould [...] mould and fungus. Transmission of viral disease between plants. Life cycle and appearance of the Rice root aphid Like most aphids , the rice root aphid appears [...] plants grown in both soil and hydroponic systems. Unlike other aphids , most of this pest’s life cycle takes place underground, so it may be difficult to

• HyFood takes habanero to another level with biological control

  the leading exporter of several varieties of chili, representing 90% of total world consumption. In the last 10 years, exports of this fruit have had an [...] municipality of Linares, Nuevo León, HyFood - Hydroponic Premium Crops is a company dedicated to the production of different varieties of habanero peppers [...] collaborated in the implementation of an IPM program, which has facilitated the protection of their crops without the use of agrochemicals and has allowed them

• Hemispherical scale

  undersides close to the midribs. They produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract [...] leaves may drop prematurely. Life cycle and appearance of Hemispherical scale An adult female of S. coffeae has a hemispherical form with a smooth surface [...] ornamental crops can also be affected, including various different species of fern, orchid, ficus, oleander and carnation. Damage symptoms The scales present