• Horse-chestnut leaf miner

  upper and lower parenchyma. The mine starts to turn yellow and later brown. By this time, the damage is very visible. Eventually the mines may cover the entire [...] up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is brown and is 2.9-4.5 mm long. The horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal stage in a cocoon in [...] not greatly affected, but when the entire surface of leaves is covered with mines, the leaves start to dry out and fall off. However, total defoliation

• Sugarcane stalk borer

  General This is a significant pest of cereals and grasses in South and Central America, and in the Southern part of the US. It is considered one of the main pests [...] congregate at the whorl and feed through the leaf tissue or tunnel in the midrib. The average duration of the larval stage is 44 days. After the first moulting [...] laying. Egg-laying begins in the evening and continues during the night. The eggs are placed in clusters and overlap like the scales of fish. An egg cluster

• Pepper weevil

  during the cooler parts of the day, as this is when they are most active. Another recommendation is to inspect the ground as well as the flowers and immature [...] causing the stalk and calyx to turn yellow before wilting and dropping off. When you see fruit on the ground, it is clear that the crop has been very severely [...] hing feature is a ‘snout’ which is longer than their head and prothorax. Two days after hatching and feeding, they begin to copulate and subsequently lay

• Spodoptera cosmioides

  darker tone is noted between the third pair of thoracic legs and the first pair of false abdominal legs. The glabrous pupae are found in the soil, inside [...] amongst others. Symptoms and damage The caterpillars cause loss of leaves, perforation in flower buds and fruits, and damage to pods and grains, leading to reduced [...] cosmioides ) is one of the main insect pests in tropical South American regions. It is a polyphagous species, which attacks soybean, aubergine, pepper and cotton

• Geranium aphid

  their presence in the crop. Acyrthosiphon malvae rogersii is holocyclic (i.e. they mate in autumn and produce eggs to overwinter) and monoecious (i.e. they [...] General Acyrthosiphon malvae rogersii is a pest of strawberry that is widely distributed in northern and western Europe. Damage symptoms Wingless aphids [...] particularly along the petioles. In outdoor strawberries they reach their peak in June. Winged aphids are formed from May onwards and are responsible for

• Cotton bollworm

  instars the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands with numerous lighter coloured wavy lines. The colour of [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil [...] although the preference is for smaller specimens. The fruits stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods

• Cyclamen mite

  mouth parts. The mites are mostly found within the flower buds, growing tips and young folded leaves, where the humidity is highest and they are protected [...] brown or silvery and die. Flowers and young fruits become brown near the base. Life cycle and appearance of Cyclamen mite The life cycle of the cyclamen mite [...] enormous damage, and with heavier infestations plant growth is arrested and the flower buds are so badly affected that they shrivel and die. Damaged strawberry

• Sycamore lace bug

  which covers the insect’s head. The outer margin of the pronotum and wing covers bear small pointed spines the nervures of the hood, pronotum and wing covers [...] sycamore where the nymphs and adults pierce leaf cells and extrude the cell contents. The nymphs congregate in groups around the major leaf ribs on the underside [...] mm wide and 0.5 mm long and glued to the underside of the leaves. There are 5 nymphal instars. All are armed with spines along the margins of the body and

• Rosy apple aphid

  spurs and smaller branches, and on the base of buds of apple trees. The eggs hatch in spring and at first the aphids attack buds, spur leaves and rosette [...] General The rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea , is a serious apple pest. It is widespread in Europe and also occurs in Africa, North and South America [...] with a powdering of white wax. The siphunculi are black and tapered, the cauda is dark, short and triangular. Dysaphis plantaginea lays eggs in autumn in

• Large blackberry aphid

  specific the host plant is the simplest method to distinguish these two species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also established [...] siphunculi. The cauda is short and triangular. The aphids overwinter as eggs on blackberry plants. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside [...] General The large blackberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi , is very similar to the large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei . As both aphid species are host