• Boisduval scale

  General These three species of Diaspi s are very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is the most important one. The Boisduval

• Wax scales

  General The species of Pulvinaria are similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. All of them have a wide host range and they are usually a problem in trees, shrubs and other woody plants. Damage

• Walnut husk fly

  General The walnut husk fly ( Rhagoletis completa) is of American origin. It occurs in Europe since the 1990s and is now established in several European countries where it a pest of walnut. Damage sym

• Hemispherical scale

  General The hemispherical or helmet scale, Saissetia coffeae , occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crop

• Olive scale

  General The olive scale, Saissetia oleae , is a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and

• Crane flies

  General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do not cause an

• American serpentine leaf miner

  General The American serpentine leaf miner ( Liriomyza trifolii ) originates from North America, but occurs also in Europe since about 1976. The American serpentine leaf miner ( Liriomyza trifolii ) i

• Brown soft scale

  General The brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum is very common in tropical and sub-tropical regions and is also a common pest in greenhouses throughout the world. C. hesperidum has many host plants, in

• Cherry fruit fly

  General The cherry fruit fly ( Rhagoletis cerasi ) is the most important sweet cherries pest in Europe. In addition, it also attacks a few other species of the genus Prunus . Damage symptoms The exit

• Soybean looper

  General In Brazil, the species has become a serious phytosanitary problem in the soya bean crop, with various outbreaks occurring, either in isolation or associated with the velvetbean caterpillar . C