• Asian soybean rust

  What is Asian soybean rust? Asian soybean rust is a severe foliar disease of soybean caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi . Symptoms are observed on the leaves, starting in the lower canopy, generally at or after flowering. Under epidemic conditions, the disease can cause major yield losses. Early detection is important because the pathogen can spread rapidly, particularly with dense canopies,when environmental conditions favour infection (cool,

• Target spot of soybean

  What is target spot of soybean? Target spot of soybean is caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola . Symptoms generally first appear on leaves in the lower canopy. Under favourable conditions (high humidity and temperatures, with extended period of leaf wetness), it can spread upwards through the crop and severe infections can result in defoliation. Damage symptoms of target spot in soybean Typical symptoms include: Dark-brown, round to irregular

• Brown spot of soybean

  What is brown spot of soybean? Brown spot of soybean, also known as Septoria brown spot, is caused by the fungus Septoria glycines . It is a common foliar disease of soybean that can develop soon after planting and remain present throughout the growing season. Symptoms generally begin in the lower canopy and can progress upwards during grain fill. Severe yield losses are rare, but largely depend on how far the disease progresses into the upper

• Pear brown spot

  What is pear brown spot? Pear brown spot is a destructive fungal disease caused by Stemphylium vesicarium . The disease affects leaves, shoots, and fruit, reducing fruit quality, marketable yield, and orchard productivity. Infections are most severe during warm, humid conditions and can spread rapidly when moisture is present. Early detection and preventive disease management are essential to minimize crop losses. Learn more Pear brown spot

• Downy mildew of lettuce

  What is downy mildew of lettuce? Downy mildew of lettuce is a destructive disease caused by Bremia lactucae . It is one of the most economically important diseases affecting lettuce production worldwide and can occur in both field-grown and protected cultivation systems. The pathogen infects lettuce leaves at all growth stages, from seedlings to mature plants. Under favorable environmental conditions, the disease can spread rapidly through a crop, reducing

• Powdery mildew of cucurbits

  What is powdery mildew of cucurbits? Powdery mildew of cucurbits ( Podosphaera xanthii ) is one of the most widespread and economically destructive foliar diseases affecting cucurbit crops worldwide. It poses a constant threat to all major cultivated cucurbits, including cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash, pumpkin, and zucchini. The disease is predominantly caused by the (obligate biotrophic) fungus Podosphaera xanthii . Unlike many fungal

• Internal powdery mildew

  What is internal powdery mildew ( Leveillula Taurica )? Internal powdery mildew , caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Leveillula taurica affects a wide host range. While it heavily impacts crops such as tomato , pepper, and eggplant , it can also target onion , garlic, cotton , and various ornamental species. Unlike typical powdery mildew fungi ( Erisiphe or Podosphaera species), that grow epiphytically, Leveillula taurica exhibits a hemi-endophytic

• Powdery mildew of strawberry

  What is powdery mildew of strawberry? Powdery mildew of strawberry is a fungal disease caused by Podosphaera aphanis . It is one of the most important diseases affecting strawberry production worldwide and can occur in open-field, tunnel, and greenhouse cultivation systems. The pathogen infects leaves, flowers, fruit, and flower stalks. Under favorable conditions, powdery mildew of strawberry can spread rapidly throughout a crop, reducing plant vigor

• Powdery mildew of tomato

  What is powdery mildew of tomato? Powdery mildew of tomato is a highly contagious foliar disease caused by the fungus Oidium neolycopersici . The pathogen can quickly limit yield potential if left unmanaged, affecting both protected greenhouse and open-field tomato production globally. The pathogen Oidium neolycopersici thrives in warm, high-humidity conditions, allowing infections to spread rapidly. The disease severely reduces photosynthetic capacity

• Esca disease of grapes

  What is Esca disease? Esca is a complex grapevine trunk disease caused by a group of fungi rather than a single organism. Early infections are mainly caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and various Phaeoacremonium species (often P. minimum ), which colonize the vine's wood and cause internal tissue damage. Later, other fungi, particularly Fomitiporia species, further degrade the wood and cause extensive white rot. Esca can appear in different