• Black rot of grapes

  What is black rot of grapes? Black rot is a fungal disease of grapes caused by Guignardia bidwellii (also known as Phyllosticta ampelicida ). The disease can compromise both grape yield and wine quality. Under warm and humid conditions, infections can spread rapidly, and severe outbreaks may result in crop losses of up to 100% if left unmanaged. The disease is particularly damaging because fruit infections continue to develop throughout the season,

• Flavescence dorée

  What is Flavescence dorée? Flavescence dorée is a devastating grapevine disease caused by the phytoplasma ' Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis '. The pathogen disrupts the vine's vascular system, impairing the transport of sugar and nutrients, which leads to reduced productivity, severe physiological decline, and eventually death of the vine. The primary vector of Flavescence dorée is the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus , which acquires the phytoplasma while

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  Grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a widespread fungal disease that poses a serious threat to commercial viticulture worldwide. The pathogen (also known as Uncinula necator ) infects all green vine tissues, including leaves, shoots, flowers, and grape clusters, causing yield losses, reduced fruit quality, and increased risk of bunch rot. Powdery mildew thrives under warm and humid conditions; however, unlike most other grapevine pathogens

• Root rot of carrot

  General Black spots on cold-stored carrots are a major problem and can lead to significant postharvest losses Several different fungal pathogens cause similar symptoms, which are collectively known as black spot diseases. When carrots are stored during winter, diseases on the carrot roots can continue to develop during storage. Alternaria radicina , Alternaria dauci and Rhexocercosporidium carotae (syn. Acrothecium carotae ) have been identified as

• Pepino mosaic virus

  What is Pepino Mosaic Virus (PepMV)? Pepino Mosaic Virus (PepMV) is one of the most economically significant viral diseases in greenhouse tomato production worldwide. Due to its rapid spread and impact on fruit quality, effective prevention and management are critical for maintaining yield and marketability. PepMV is a highly contagious plant virus that primarily affects tomato crops. It spreads easily through mechanical contact, making greenhouse environments

• Grape downy mildew

  Grape downy mildew or grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola , is one of the most important diseases in wine and table grape production worldwide. The disease spreads rapidly under warm and wet conditions, infecting leaves, shoots, and young berries, often resulting in severe yield and quality losses. Infections during flowering and early berry development pose the greatest risk to crop performance. Early symptom detection, a clear

• Foot rot of cereals

  General Foot rot of cereals, caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily affects the roots and lower stem of cereal plants, leading to rotting and ultimately compromising plant health and yield. Microdochium nivale thrives in cool, moist conditions, making it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium spp. is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. The following pathogens can be distinguished: Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ): Many different hosts, potato ( Solanum tuberosum ), most vegetables and ornamental crops, tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), tulips (

• Blue mold

  General Penicillium italicum is a common post-harvest disease and plant pathogen, causing blue mold. Damage symptoms Penicillium italicum typically infects fruits and first causes a water-soaked area on the fruit skin. Subsequently, white mycelium becomes visible. In the centre of the lesion, blue to green spores are produced. The white circle around the centre is the area where sporulation has not started yet, surrounded by a water-soaked ring

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Damage symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, fusarium head blight in cereals, such as wheat (fusarium head blight wheat) and post-harvest decay. Life cycle