• Oak processionary moth

  of this moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost [...] twigs and covered by hairs from the female. The first instar larvae overwinter within the eggs and hatch in mid- or late April. They are nocturnal and feed [...] months. From the 5th instar on, the larvae start building silken nests at the base of lower branches, on the trunks or at the base of the trunks, which

• Cactus mealybug

  eventually die. Life cycle and appearance of Cactus mealybug Mealybugs get their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards [...] but its origin is not clear. It is now found on many greenhouse-grown succulents around the world as it was probably distributed by the trade in ornamental [...] discoloration of the plants and later necrosis of the tissue. Plant deformations can also occur. Heavily infested plants stop growing and will eventually

• Leopard moth

  citrus and olive. It was introduced into North America. Damage symptoms The presence of the caterpillars is indicated by the accumulation of frass and wood [...] 45-65 mm and white translucent wings with black or blue-black spots. The body is similarly coloured and the males are considerably smaller than the females [...] galleries in a silken cocoon. In early summer the pupae wriggles out of the gallery to the surface of the branch and the adults emerge.

• Brown soft scale

  can cover the leaves, flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of [...] of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the scale [...] C. hesperidum is often attended by ants. The ants will clean and protect the coccids and in turn benefit from a rich food source. The honeydew also quickly

• Velvetbean caterpillar

  of the leaves or occasionally, on the stems and petioles. The eggs are laid in early night, As the temperature drops and the humidity increases, the egg-laying [...] General The velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis is considered the main foliage feeding pests in the Americas and is one of the most common species [...] pupal stage varies, depending on the temperature. The warmer the temperature, the shorter the pupal stage. The adult moth is greyish-brown. It has a characteristic

• Walnut husk fly

  scar. Later the surface of the fruit blackens and the underlying tissue is destroyed and turns black as well. When the fruit is opened the larvae can be [...] June onwards. The females lay their eggs beneath the skin of developing walnuts. The eggs hatch after 3-7 days and the larvae feed inside the developing fruits [...] General The walnut husk fly ( Rhagoletis completa) is of American origin. It occurs in Europe since the 1990s and is now established in several European

• Cherry fruit fly

  when it is hot and dry. Eggs are laid singly beneath the skin of a ripening fruit. They hatch after 1-2 weeks and the larvae feed on the flesh of the developing [...] cycle and appearance of Cherry fruit fly The adult cherry fruit fly is 3.5-5 mm long. It has a black body with yellow markings on the head and the thorax [...] mm long and translucent white; the puparium is 3-4 mm long and pale yellowish brown. The adults usually appear from late May to early June and are particularly

• Potato tuber moth

  symptoms The damage caused by the larvae is that of mines in the leaves and / or weakening of the stem, which can break. The feeding paths of the caterpillars [...] caterpillars in the tubers can only be detected when the potato is cut open. The galleries in the tubers makes then unsaleable and also facilitate the entry of [...] dark mottled and thin body. The forewings have dark spots and both pairs of wings have fringed edges. The wingspan is 13-15 mm. Their lifespan is approximately

• Red plum maggot

  symptoms The mines produced in the fruit quickly become brownish and the flesh in the area near the stone is eaten and converted into a mass of wet brown [...] General The red plum maggot ( Cydia funebrana ) is mainly a pest of plums but can also attack apricot and peach. It occurs in Europe and Asia. Damage symptoms [...] ripen prematurely and fall off. Droplets of dried up gum can be seen at the entry holes. Life cycle and appearance of Red plum maggot The adults of Cydia

• Olive fly

  symptoms The larvae (maggots) of the olive fruit fly feed inside the fruit, destroying the pulp and allowing the entry of secondary bacteria and fungi that [...] especially when the fruit has begun to rot. The puparium is 3.5-4.5 mm long and yellowish brown. In the field, olive fruit fly development, and the resulting [...] also on humidity and microclimate within the olive canopy, and on the availability and quality of the olive fruit. In most regions, the olive fruit fly